Clinical workers in dentistry have a high incidence of musculoskeletal disorders; one of the significant advantages of using the right magnification tool is that it improves ergonomics by improving our work posture. However, we have seen that the ergonomic potential of dental practice is not exploited due to a lack of information and basic knowledge of how to implement it correctly. By using the right magnification tool and concepts, participants will learn how to work without pain and alleviate the physical stress that plagues the dental profession. The goal is to promote a stress-free practice and the quality of clinical care provided.

Learning objectives:

• Address the biomechanics of the human body and its impact on prolonged sitting work
• Identify the ergonomic tools that improve posture during dental work
• Apply the ergonomic concepts of the dental microscope and ergonomic loupes by working in each quadrant of the mouth 100 percent of the working time.
• Apply the principles of ergonomics in dentistry with the proper use of the dental microscope ,the efficient use of the mirror and operator-patient positioning
• Describe the assistant role in the efficient microscope dentistry practice

Clinical workers in dentistry have a high incidence of musculoskeletal disorders; one of the significant advantages of using the right magnification tool is that it improves ergonomics by improving our work posture. However, we have seen that the ergonomic potential of dental practice is not exploited due to a lack of information and basic knowledge of how to implement it correctly. By using the right magnification tool and concepts, participants will learn how to work without pain and alleviate the physical stress that plagues the dental profession. The goal is to promote a stress-free practice and the quality of clinical care provided.

Learning objectives:

• Address the biomechanics of the human body and its impact on prolonged sitting work
• Identify the ergonomic tools that improve posture during dental work
• Apply the ergonomic concepts of the dental microscope and ergonomic loupes by working in each quadrant of the mouth 100 percent of the working time.
• Apply the principles of ergonomics in dentistry with the proper use of the dental microscope ,the efficient use of the mirror and operator-patient positioning
• Describe the assistant role in the efficient microscope dentistry practice

The preparation of curved canals with only one engine-driven file used in reciprocation was introduced in 2008. Reciproc was the first system developed for the management of the majority of canals with only one instrument used in asymmetrical reciprocation. It was launched in 2010. Since then, many systems were developed based on this concept. However, Reciproc is the only system which allows the management of the majority of challenging canals, such as curved and narrow canals and MB2-like canals, with only one instrument without any prior instrumentation, without an initial scouting and without a glide path.

Learning objectives:

• Story of single file asymmetrical reciprocation and Reciproc: from 1999 to 2010.
• Benefits of the Reciproc approach.
• The Reciproc family: the different Reciproc instruments will be described.
• Why not all reciprocating systems are the same? The differences between Reciproc and other reciprocating systems will be presented in the context of clinical applications.
• Kinematics of reciprocation: Why not all endodontic motors are the same? In this section, the importance of selecting a motor will be emphasized.
• Evolution of the Reciproc approach: from 2010 to 2024.
• Scientific evidence and the Reciproc concept: More than 400 articles have been published on the Reciproc concept. The most important articles supporting this concept will be presented. Examples of flawed research methodologies will be discussed. This will allow the attendees to understand how to disregard poor quality published articles whether in favour or not of Reciproc.
• Clinical applications of the Reciproc concept: different scenarios, from easy to challenging situations, will be presented. Detailed description of the technique will be supported by videos.
• Negotiation of the conventionally unnegotiable: This section will describe in detail the management of the most challenging situations which cannot be managed with any other system, with emphasis on the importance of instrument-motor entity.
• Outcome of endodontic treatment performed with the Reciproc approach.
• Limitations of the Reciproc approach: Reciproc is not a magical system. This section will discuss in detail the management of canals in which the use of Reciproc was not possible.
• The future.

Cold single cone obturation is an easy technique to teach, learn and use. This lecture will discuss the benefits of cold single cone obturation. It will debunk a few myths, for example, that it is important to obturate lateral canals. Cold single cone obturation will be described. The limitations of both techniques will be presented. Recommendations will be made on the type of sealer to use with the cold single cone obturation.

A clinician may interrupt an endodontic procedure to administer supplementary anesthesia. However, this is an indication that the anesthesia protocol was not successful resulting in unnecessary pain experienced by the patient. Who wants to be this patient? A patient should not experience any pain during the access cavity procedure or the canal preparation. This lecture will describe a novel protocol to achieve successful pulpal anesthesia, which means that the clinician will not have to interrupt a treatment to administer supplemental anesthesia, simply because the patient will not experience any pain. This lecture will emphasize the fact that the painful intrapulpal anesthesia should not be considered any more as part of our armamentarium to achieve adequate pulpal anesthesia.

Symptomatic irreversible pulpits is associated with severe pain. The patient will show up to the dental without a scheduled appointment to seek quick and complete pain relief. This can be a challenging situation to the dentist and the staff, especially in a busy dental practice. This lecture will describe a new protocol for the emergency management of symptomatic irreversible pulpitis, without performing a pulpectomy or pulpotomy. The protocol is based on the administration of a long acting anesthetic and the prescription of a one-day high dose of dexamethasone only. Patients will be immediately relieved without causing any significant interruption of the practice schedule. A root canal treatment can then be scheduled on a later date.

Learning objectives:

• Percussion test should not be performed.
• When and how to do a cold pulp sensitivity test?
• When and how to do a hot pulp sensitivity test?
• Is an electric pulp sensitivity test useful?
• When and how to do a biting test?
• No reading from an apex locator, or erratic reading! How to troubleshoot an apex locator?
• Working length: where should it be at?
• Post-operative sensitivity can be a nightmare: Causes and remedies!
• When to place a permanent restoration following a root canal treatment?
• Postoperative pain / flare ups: should be a rare occurrence. How to prevent them and manage them?
• Management of cases with fistula in one visit with excellent healing rates: a new approach! - Easy fix for: “Doctor, I can’t breathe with the rubber sheet on my face”.
• Is it non-odontogenic or dental-related pain? Very easy to know the difference.
• Don’t let the patient’s temporomandibular disorder pain become your nightmare.
• A mouth prop should not be used to prevent the mouth from closing during a procedure!

A clinician may interrupt an endodontic procedure to administer supplementary anesthesia. However, this is an indication that the anesthesia protocol was not successful resulting in unnecessary pain experienced by the patient. Who wants to be this patient? A patient should not experience any pain during the access cavity procedure or the canal preparation. This lecture will describe a novel protocol to achieve successful pulpal anesthesia, which means that the clinician will not have to interrupt a treatment to administer supplemental anesthesia, simply because the patient will not experience any pain. This lecture will emphasize the fact that the painful intrapulpal anesthesia should not be considered any more as part of our armamentarium to achieve adequate pulpal anesthesia.

By employing intraoral scanners, CAD/CAM milling systems, and immediate cementation of the restoration, it is possible to reduce the number of appointments, optimize clinical workflow, and enhance patient comfort. The main clinical steps and case selection criteria are outlined, highlighting the key success factors and potential challenges of the protocol. Preliminary results indicate a high level of patient satisfaction and a significant reduction in treatment time without compromising the quality of the final outcome.

By employing intraoral scanners, CAD/CAM milling systems, and immediate cementation of the restoration, it is possible to reduce the number of appointments, optimize clinical workflow, and enhance patient comfort. The main clinical steps and case selection criteria are outlined, highlighting the key success factors and potential challenges of the protocol. Preliminary results indicate a high level of patient satisfaction and a significant reduction in treatment time without compromising the quality of the final outcome.

Dr. Cassai is also a contract professor for Endodontology at University of Ferrara (AY 2004-2010 and 2013-2018).
 He is an active member of Style Italiano Endodontics. He is co-Author of the book Ritrattamenti, Edra edizioni. He works in private practice in Ferrara, particularly committed to clinical endodontics, microscopic surgery and aesthetic restorative dentistry.

• Senior Lecturer, Department of Endodontics, Cairo University (BDS, M.Sc, PhD Endodontics)
• Post Graduate Studies: Master’s Degree in Endodontics 2012 PhD Degree in Endodontics 2017
• Gold member at Styleitaliano Endodontics
• Member of the Egyptian Association of Endodontists
• Author of international publications in Endodontology
• Reviewer at the EAPD journal, European Endodontic Journal (EEJ), BMC oral health, JCPD “journal of clinical pediatric dentistry
• Lecturer at the Masters of Advanced Endodontics, Siena University, Italy
• Lecturer at International Endodontics program at UJI, Spain
• Endodontic lecturer in national and international congresses

• Get acquainted with the rationale in non-surgical retreatments and the decision- making process during endodontic re-intervention
• Comprehend Factors contribute to endodontic failures
• Implement Safe and predictable disassembly of restorations and intra-canal filling materials
• Perform Reshaping root canals in retreatments, combining the triad of minimally invasive approach, heat treatments and dynamic sequences.
• Manage missed anatomy, especially the MB2 and Middle mesial canals
• Detect and manage aberrant anatomy
• Enhance the disinfection protocol in retreatment cases